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In imperfectly competitive markets, increasing production will decrease the price of all units sold. This concept is known as the


A) income effect.
B) cost effect.
C) output effect.
D) price effect.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s) incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost. Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s)  incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost.    -Refer to Table 17-12. If the market for gasoline in Driveaway is perfectly competitive, then the equilibrium price of gasoline is A)  $0 and the equilibrium quantity is 400 gallons. B)  $1 and the equilibrium quantity is 350 gallons. C)  $2 and the equilibrium quantity is 300 gallons. D)  $4 and the equilibrium quantity is 200 gallons. -Refer to Table 17-12. If the market for gasoline in Driveaway is perfectly competitive, then the equilibrium price of gasoline is


A) $0 and the equilibrium quantity is 400 gallons.
B) $1 and the equilibrium quantity is 350 gallons.
C) $2 and the equilibrium quantity is 300 gallons.
D) $4 and the equilibrium quantity is 200 gallons.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s) incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost. Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s)  incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost.    -Refer to Table 17-12. If there are exactly five sellers of gasoline in Driveaway and if they collude, then which of the following outcomes is most likely? A)  Each seller will sell 20 gallons, charge a price of $6, and earn a profit of $80. B)  Each seller will sell 30 gallons, charge a price of $5, and earn a profit of $90. C)  Each seller will sell 40 gallons, charge a price of $4, and earn a profit of $120. D)  Each seller will sell 50 gallons, charge a price of $3, and earn a profit of $50. -Refer to Table 17-12. If there are exactly five sellers of gasoline in Driveaway and if they collude, then which of the following outcomes is most likely?


A) Each seller will sell 20 gallons, charge a price of $6, and earn a profit of $80.
B) Each seller will sell 30 gallons, charge a price of $5, and earn a profit of $90.
C) Each seller will sell 40 gallons, charge a price of $4, and earn a profit of $120.
D) Each seller will sell 50 gallons, charge a price of $3, and earn a profit of $50.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Table 17-27 Each year the United States considers renewal of Most Favored Nation (MFN) trading status with Farland (a mythical nation) . Historically, legislators have made threats of not renewing MFN status because of human rights abuses in Farland. The non-renewal of MFN trading status is likely to involve some retaliatory measures by Farland. The payoff table below shows the potential economic gains associated with a game in which Farland may impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms and the United States may not renew MFN status with Farland. The table contains the dollar value of all trade-flow benefits to the United States and Farland. Table 17-27 Each year the United States considers renewal of Most Favored Nation (MFN)  trading status with Farland (a mythical nation) . Historically, legislators have made threats of not renewing MFN status because of human rights abuses in Farland. The non-renewal of MFN trading status is likely to involve some retaliatory measures by Farland. The payoff table below shows the potential economic gains associated with a game in which Farland may impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms and the United States may not renew MFN status with Farland. The table contains the dollar value of all trade-flow benefits to the United States and Farland.    -Refer to Table 17-27. If both countries follow a dominant strategy, the value of trade flow benefits for Farland will be A)  $5 B)  $75 b. C)  $275 c. D)  $285 b. -Refer to Table 17-27. If both countries follow a dominant strategy, the value of trade flow benefits for Farland will be


A) $5
B) $75 b.
C) $275 c.
D) $285 b.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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When the prisoners' dilemma game is generalized to describe situations other than those that literally involve two prisoners, we see that cooperation between the players of the game


A) can be difficult to maintain, but only when cooperation would make at least one of the players of the game worse off.
B) can be difficult to maintain, even when cooperation would make both players of the game better off.
C) always works to the benefit of society as a whole.
D) always works to the detriment of society as a whole.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Whether an oligopoly consists of 3 firms or 10 firms, the level of output likely will be the same.

A) True
B) False

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If the members of an oligopoly could agree on a total quantity to produce and a price to charge, what quantity and price would they choose? Will this choice represent a Nash equilibrium?

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the monopoly quantity and price; no beca...

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If duopolists individually pursue their own self-interest when deciding how much to produce, the profit-maximizing price they will charge for their product will be


A) less than the monopoly price.
B) equal to the perfectly competitive market price.
C) greater than the monopoly price.
D) possibly less than or greater than the monopoly price.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Firms do not need to be concerned about striking a balance between the price effect and the output effect when making production decisions in which of the following types of markets?


A) oligopoly
B) duopoly
C) monopoly
D) competitive markets

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge is called


A) collusion.
B) Nash equilibrium
C) dominant strategy.
D) behavioral economics.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Scenario 17-6 Assume that a local telecommunications company sells high speed internet access and cable television. The company's only two customers are Taylor and Tim. Taylor is willing to pay $50 per month for high speed internet access and $50 per month for cable television. Tim is willing to pay only $20 per month for high speed internet access, but is willing to pay $70 per month for cable television. Assume that the telecommunications company can provide each of these products at zero marginal cost. -Refer to Scenario 17-6. If the telecommunications provider is able to use tying to price high speed internet access and cable television, what is the profit-maximizing price to charge for the "tied" good?

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As the number of firms in an oligopoly increases, the price approaches


A) zero.
B) marginal cost.
C) infinity.
D) the monopoly price.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below. Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below.    -Refer to Table 17-6. The socially efficient level of water supplied to the market would be A)  50 gallons. B)  150 gallons. C)  225 gallons. D)  300 gallons. -Refer to Table 17-6. The socially efficient level of water supplied to the market would be


A) 50 gallons.
B) 150 gallons.
C) 225 gallons.
D) 300 gallons.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Table 17-2 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Abby and Brad, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Abby and Brad work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Abby and Brad can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost is zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Table 17-2 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Abby and Brad, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Abby and Brad work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Abby and Brad can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost is zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below:    -Refer to Table 17-2. Suppose the town enacts new antitrust laws that prohibit Abby and Brad from operating as a monopoly. How much profit will Abby and Brad each earn once they reach a Nash equilibrium? A)  $36 B)  $32 C)  $18 D)  $16 -Refer to Table 17-2. Suppose the town enacts new antitrust laws that prohibit Abby and Brad from operating as a monopoly. How much profit will Abby and Brad each earn once they reach a Nash equilibrium?


A) $36
B) $32
C) $18
D) $16

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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If an oligopolist is part of a cartel that is collectively producing the monopoly level of output, then that oligopolist has the incentive to increase production with the aim of


A) increasing prices.
B) increasing profits for the group of firms as a whole.
C) increasing profits for itself, regardless of the impact on profits for the group of firms as a whole.
D) decreasing costs of production.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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For cartels, as the number of firms (members of the cartel) increases,


A) the monopoly outcome becomes more likely.
B) the magnitude of the price effect decreases.
C) the more concerned each seller is about its own impact on the market price.
D) the easier it becomes to observe members violating their agreements.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Table 17-26 Two prescription drug manufacturers (Firm A and Firm B) are faced with lawsuits from states to recover the healthcare related expenses associated with side-effects from its drugs. Each drug manufacturer has evidence that indicates that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. State prosecutors do not have access to the same data used by drug manufacturers and thus will have difficulty recovering full costs without the help of at least one of the drug manufacturer's studies. Each firm has been presented with an opportunity to lower its liability in the suit if it cooperates with attorneys representing the states. Table 17-26 Two prescription drug manufacturers (Firm A and Firm B)  are faced with lawsuits from states to recover the healthcare related expenses associated with side-effects from its drugs. Each drug manufacturer has evidence that indicates that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. State prosecutors do not have access to the same data used by drug manufacturers and thus will have difficulty recovering full costs without the help of at least one of the drug manufacturer's studies. Each firm has been presented with an opportunity to lower its liability in the suit if it cooperates with attorneys representing the states.    Refer to Table 17-26. Pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will concede that taking their prescription drug causes liver failure e. only if Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. f. only if Firm B does not concede that taking its drug causes liver failure. g. regardless of whether Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. h. None of the above. In pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will in no case concede that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ECON.MANK.15.84 - LO: 17-2 NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic TOPICS: DISC: Game Theory KEYWORDS: BLOOM'S: Application NOTES: r -Refer to Table 17-26. When this game reaches a Nash equilibrium, profits for Firm A and Firm B will be A)  $-12 and $-100, respectively. B)  $-24 and $-24, respectively. C)  $-60 and $-40, respectively. D)  $-100 and $-12, respectively. Refer to Table 17-26. Pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will concede that taking their prescription drug causes liver failure e. only if Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. f. only if Firm B does not concede that taking its drug causes liver failure. g. regardless of whether Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. h. None of the above. In pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will in no case concede that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ECON.MANK.15.84 - LO: 17-2 NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic TOPICS: DISC: Game Theory KEYWORDS: BLOOM'S: Application NOTES: r -Refer to Table 17-26. When this game reaches a Nash equilibrium, profits for Firm A and Firm B will be


A) $-12 and $-100, respectively.
B) $-24 and $-24, respectively.
C) $-60 and $-40, respectively.
D) $-100 and $-12, respectively.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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In the language of game theory, a situation in which each person must consider how others might respond to his or her own actions is called a


A) quantifiable situation.
B) cooperative situation.
C) strategic situation.
D) tactical situation.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Describe the source of tension between cooperation and self-interest in a market characterized by oligopoly. Use an example of an actual cartel arrangement to demonstrate why this tension creates instability in cartels.

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The source of the tension exists because...

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Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Rochelle and Alec, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Rochelle and Alec work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Rochelle and Alec can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Rochelle and Alec, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Rochelle and Alec work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Rochelle and Alec can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below:    21. -Refer to Table 17-1. What is the socially efficient quantity of water? A)  0 gallons B)  600 gallons C)  900 gallons D)  1,200 gallons 21. -Refer to Table 17-1. What is the socially efficient quantity of water?


A) 0 gallons
B) 600 gallons
C) 900 gallons
D) 1,200 gallons

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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