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What are the economic incentives associated with incumbent firms?

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Once an innovator has become an establis...

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Who are technology enthusiasts?

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The customer segment in the introductory...

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On which of the following tenets is the crossing-the-chasm framework, suggested by Geoffrey Moore, based?


A) The number and size of competitors remain constant throughout the industry life cycle.
B) Each stage of the industry life cycle is dominated by a different customer group.
C) Industries tend to follow an unpredictable industry life cycle.
D) The supply and demand sides of the market remain constant irrespective of the phase of the industry life cycle.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following reasons led to the launch of Procter & Gamble's "Connect + Develop," a web-based interface that connects the company's internal-innovation capability with the distributed knowledge in the global community?


A) The company wanted to focus on process innovation rather than product innovation.
B) The company was no longer able to generate adequate growth through closed innovation.
C) The company wanted to carefully protect its intellectual property.
D) The supply and mobility of unskilled workers within the industry had increased drastically.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Explain some of the features of the introduction stage of the industry life cycle.

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When an individual inventor or company l...

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Which of the conditions prevail when an industry is at the end of its life cycle?


A) The level of process innovation reaches its maximum as firms attempt to lower cost.
B) The industry structure is perfectly competitive with a large number of buyers and sellers.
C) The strategic objectives of businesses will involve gaining market acceptance.
D) The market reaches its maximum size at this stage.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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In the U.S., the time period for the right to exclude others from the use of a patented technology is _____ from the filing date of a patent application.


A) 20 years
B) 25 months
C) 15 months
D) 25 years

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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As a start-up company, Virtue Mobiles Inc.entered the low end of the highly competitive cell phone industry with its low-cost smartphones.Initially, the company was able to sell its inferior technology due to its low prices.Over the years, however, its rate of technology improvements increased above the industry standards.This helped the company to create a strong strategic position for its smartphones in the high-end segment and claim a premium price.Which of the following types of innovation does this scenario best illustrate?


A) Radical innovation
B) Incremental innovation
C) Architectural innovation
D) Disruptive innovation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The customers entering the market in the growth stage are primarily _____.


A) technology enthusiasts
B) laggards
C) early adopters
D) late majority

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Why is the phase after the growth stage of the industry life cycle referred to as the shakeout stage?


A) The barriers to entry increase during this stage.
B) The firms in the industry yield the highest profits during this phase.
C) Rivalry among competitors decreases in this stage.
D) The weaker firms are forced out of the industry in this stage.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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As the inventor of hypertension medication, OneSure Pharmaceuticals (OSP) Inc.was able to reap the benefits of economies of scale due to a large consumer demand for the drug.Even when competitors later developed similar drugs after the expiry of OSP's patents, regular users did not want to switch because they were concerned about possible side-effects.Which of the following benefits does this scenario best illustrate?


A) First-mover advantages
B) Social benefits
C) Network externalities
D) Fringe benefits

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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After Jeff Bezos read about how the Internet was growing by 2,000 percent a month, he set out to use the Internet as a new distribution channel and founded Amazon, which is now the world's largest online retailer.This is clearly an example of a(n) :


A) firm that uses closed innovation.
B) entrepreneur who commercialized invention into an innovation.
C) business that entered the industry during its maturity stage.
D) exception to the long tail business model.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Why do incumbent firms favor incremental innovation over radical innovation?

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Incumbent firms favor incremental innova...

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Which of the following statements accurately brings out the distinction between the introduction and growth stages of the industry life cycle?


A) There is more strategic variety in the growth stage when compared to the introduction stage.
B) The number of competitors is more in the introduction stage than the growth stage.
C) The market size for a new product or service is larger in the introduction stage when compared to the growth stage.
D) While achieving market acceptance is the strategic objective during the introduction stage, the objective in the growth stage is to pursue a harvest strategy.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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ModelLife Electronics Inc.is a company that builds diagnostic devices.It was the first company to develop a compact MRI scanner by reconfiguring the components of the MRI technology.This smaller and user-friendly version of the huge MRI scanner created demand from small hospitals, nursing homes, and private practice doctors who were earlier dependent on the scanning machines in large hospitals.Which of the following types of innovations does this scenario best illustrate?


A) Disruptive innovation
B) Incremental innovation
C) Radical innovation
D) Architectural innovation

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Explain the reasons for increasingly rapid technological diffusion and adoption.

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One determinant is that initial innovati...

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The strategic objective of a first mover during the introduction stage of the industry life cycle is to:


A) pursue a harvest strategy.
B) survive by drawing on deep pockets.
C) achieve market acceptance.
D) lower entry barriers.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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What do you mean by a standard? How does it affect an industry?

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A standard signals the market's agreemen...

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Explain architectural innovation with the help of a real world example.

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Student answers may vary.
Firms can also...

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When TrueHeal Pharma Inc.released a new drug to treat insomnia, its chemical composition was disclosed at the back of the drug's cover.However, any attempts by competitors to copy the chemical composition would result in infringement of TrueHeal Pharma's intellectual property rights.Thus, the drug is protected by a _____.


A) promissory bill
B) patent
C) franchise
D) royalty

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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