Question 1

If a virus is latent,it

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot be a retrovirus.
B)   has integrated itself into the host cell genome.
C)   must be a retrovirus.
D)   is gaining a new envelope via "budding."
E)   is easy to develop immunity against.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

The first cell is believed to have carried on anaerobic respiration.This means that it would have

Accepted Answer

A)   also carried on aerobic respiration.
B)   given off oxygen.
C)   carried on fermentation.
D)   been parasitic.
E)   been saprophytic.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Bacterial cells pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium-pieces that were released from dead bacteria-in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)   transformation.
B)   transduction.
C)   conjugation.
D)   infection.
E)   replication.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

What general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)   Small enough that a microscope is required to see them.
B)   Multicellular.
C)   Heterotrophic.
D)   Sexual reproduction.
E)   Use aerobic respiration for metabolism.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Which feature is lacking in the cell wall of Archaea that will distinguish them from the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   peptidoglycan
B)   phospholipids
C)   proteins
D)   polysaccharides
E)   None of these features are lacking in the cell walls of the Archaea.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of

Accepted Answer

A)   a membranous envelope.
B)   both DNA and RNA.
C)   either DNA or RNA.
D)   a protein capsid.
E)   a protein spore coat.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The hypothesis that suggests that RNA and polypeptides might have evolved simultaneously was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)   Stanley Miller.
B)   Alexander Cairns-Smith.
C)   Charles Darwin.
D)   Gunter Wachtershauser
E)   Sidney Fox.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 8

Biological evolution (the evolution of living cells) differs from chemical evolution (the evolution of the molecules that make living cells) in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

Accepted Answer

A)   true cells.
B)   nucleic acids.
C)   enzymes.
D)   a metabolic pathway.
E)   RNA and enzymes.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is famous for all but one of the following.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)   He thought that animals were able to arise spontaneously from inorganic sources.
B)   He was skilled at grinding glass and made improvements in the microscope.
C)   He was the first to see living organisms in a drop of water.
D)   He invented the microscope.
E)   He called the organisms that he saw in a drop of water 'wee animals'.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

The response of bacteria that allows them to be identified as Gram-positive or negative is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   the type of DNA or RNA they contain.
B)   their ability or lack of ability to fix nitrogen.
C)   whether they are aerobic or anaerobic.
D)   whether their cell walls have a thin or thick layer of peptidoglycan.
E)   the rRNA sequences they demonstrate.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Which genus of bacteria causes more diseases in humans than any other?

Accepted Answer

A)   E coli
B)   Staphylococcus
C)   Streptococcus
D)   Mycobacterium
E)   ClostridiumF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

Which description best fits a chemoautotroph bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   They reduce carbon dioxide to an organic compound by using energetic electrons derived from chemicals.
B)   They reduce carbon dioxide to an inorganic compound by using energetic electrons derived from chemicals.
C)   They run photosynthesis that uses solar energy to produce their own food.
D)   They transfer electrons to sulfate, producing hydrogen sulfate.
E)   All of these are descriptions of a chemoautotroph bacteria.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

The three shapes of bacteria are

Accepted Answer

A)   haplontic, diplontic, and alternations.
B)   anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative.
C)   heterotrophic, autotrophic, and chemosynthetic.
D)   bacillus, coccus, and spirillum.
E)   helical, spiral, and streptococci.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true about the RNA-first hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is supported by the discovery that RNA can act as a catalyst.
B)   It is supported by the fact that RNA can act as a substrate and as an enzyme.
C)   It suggests that there was an "RNA world" about 4 billion years ago.
D)   It says that first RNA, then DNA, then proteins would have been necessary to interact in the chemical evolution that would have led to the development of the first cells.
E)   It suggests that only RNA was needed to progress to the formation of the first cells.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 15

One bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell in the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   transformation.
B)   transduction.
C)   conjugation.
D)   infection.
E)   replication.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,which would NOT be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Accepted Answer

A)   an enzyme or reaction capable of converting ribose to deoxyribose in nucleotides
B)   enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA
C)   new enzymes to replicate the DNA
D)   new enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA
E)   the presence of oxygenF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   acellular
B)   obligate parasite
C)   can be synthesized from chemicals in the laboratory
D)   diseases caused by viruses can be treated with antibiotics
E)   contain DNA or RNAF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

Miller's laboratory experiments showed that

Accepted Answer

A)   the first cell was probably made of nucleic acids.
B)   it is possible to form protocells.
C)   the primitive gases can react together to produce small organic molecules.
D)   atmospheric pressure is required for life to begin.
E)   the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Some,but not all,viruses contain ______,located on their outer surface.

Accepted Answer

A)   a membranous envelope composed of the host's plasma membrane
B)   both DNA and RNA from the host
C)   either DNA or RNA
D)   a protein capsid
E)   a protein spore coatF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 20

A complex protein-rich cell shelters and supports the DNA genetic code,and the code is the blueprint for the cell proteins; thus is set the "chicken-or-the-egg" dilemma of which came first.This is probably solved by the discovery that

Accepted Answer

A)   polypeptides and RNA could have evolved simultaneously.
B)   reverse transcriptase can convert RNA back into DNA.
C)   all DNA and protein can be distributed evenly inside and outside the nucleus.
D)   some proteins are simply assemblages of guanine, cytosine, thymine, and adenine.
E)   viruses can give rise to all of the cell molecules.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Exam 28: Microbiology

Miller's laboratory experiments showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first cell is believed to have carried on anaerobic respiration.This means that it would have

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If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,which would NOT be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three shapes of bacteria are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biological evolution (the evolution of living cells) differs from chemical evolution (the evolution of the molecules that make living cells) in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothesis that suggests that RNA and polypeptides might have evolved simultaneously was proposed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which genus of bacteria causes more diseases in humans than any other?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The response of bacteria that allows them to be identified as Gram-positive or negative is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about the RNA-first hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which feature is lacking in the cell wall of Archaea that will distinguish them from the bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some,but not all,viruses contain ______,located on their outer surface.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a virus is latent,it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell in the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which description best fits a chemoautotroph bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacterial cells pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium-pieces that were released from dead bacteria-in a process called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A complex protein-rich cell shelters and supports the DNA genetic code,and the code is the blueprint for the cell proteins; thus is set the "chicken-or-the-egg" dilemma of which came first.This is probably solved by the discovery that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is famous for all but one of the following.Which is the exception?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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