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Table 28-2 Labor Data for Aridia Table 28-2 Labor Data for Aridia    -Refer to Table 28-2. The labor-force participation rate of Aridia A)  increased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012. B)  increased from 2010 to 2011 but decreased from 2011 to 2012. C)  decreased from 2010 to 2011 but increased from 2011 to 2012. D)  decreased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012. -Refer to Table 28-2. The labor-force participation rate of Aridia


A) increased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012.
B) increased from 2010 to 2011 but decreased from 2011 to 2012.
C) decreased from 2010 to 2011 but increased from 2011 to 2012.
D) decreased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The growth rate for the American economy is


A) lower in the 21st century than for the previous 250 years.
B) higher in the 21st century than for the previous 250 years and increasing rapidly.
C) higher in the 21st century than for the previous 250 years but increasing slowly.
D) approximately equal in the 21st century and in the previous 250 years.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Table 28-2 Labor Data for Aridia Table 28-2 Labor Data for Aridia    -Refer to Table 28-2. The labor force of Aridia A)  increased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012. B)  increased from 2010 to 2011 but decreased from 2011 to 2012. C)  decreased from 2010 to 2011 but increased from 2011 to 2012. D)  decreased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012. -Refer to Table 28-2. The labor force of Aridia


A) increased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012.
B) increased from 2010 to 2011 but decreased from 2011 to 2012.
C) decreased from 2010 to 2011 but increased from 2011 to 2012.
D) decreased both from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is correct?


A) In unionized industries, wages are below the level that would prevail in competitive markets.
B) The introduction of a union in an industry increases the quantity of labor demanded in that industry, causes some workers in that industry to be unemployed, and increases wages in the rest of the economy.
C) Critics argue that the allocation of labor resulting from unions is both inefficient and inequitable.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A labor union is similar to a ______.

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According to 2012 data on the U.S. population, which of the following groups of teenagers ages (16-19) had the lowest labor-force participation rate?


A) white males
B) white females
C) black males
D) black females

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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According to 2012 data on the U.S. population, which of the following groups of adults of prime working age ages (25-54) had the highest labor-force participation rate?


A) white males
B) white females
C) black males
D) black females

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Unemployment insurance increases frictional unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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For the Bureau of Labor Statistics to place someone in the "unemployed" category, that person must


A) have worked no more than 10 hours during the past week..
B) have tried to find employment during the previous year.
C) not have been laid off.
D) None of the above is correct.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Table 28-6 Table 28-6    -Refer to Table 28-6. What is the U-5 measure of labor underutilization? A)  7.5% B)  7.9% C)  8.1% D)  26% -Refer to Table 28-6. What is the U-5 measure of labor underutilization?


A) 7.5%
B) 7.9%
C) 8.1%
D) 26%

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Define efficiency wages.

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Efficiency wages are...

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Table 28-2 Labor Data for Aridia Table 28-2 Labor Data for Aridia    -Refer to Table 28-2. The labor-force participation rate of Aridia in 2011 was A)  43.3%. B)  54.2%. C)  63.3%. D)  68.4%. -Refer to Table 28-2. The labor-force participation rate of Aridia in 2011 was


A) 43.3%.
B) 54.2%.
C) 63.3%.
D) 68.4%.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Karena was laid off, but she is expecting to be recalled. She has not looked for work since being laid off. Nathan is not employed, nor was he laid off. Who is counted as "unemployed" in the U.S. labor force statistics?


A) 1) Karena and 2) Nathan, even if Nathan has not looked for work during the previous four weeks
B) 1) Karena and 2) Nathan, if Nathan has looked for work during the previous four weeks
C) 1) not Karena but 2) Nathan, even if Nathan has not looked for work during the previous four weeks
D) 1) not Karena but 2) Nathan, if Nathan has looked for work during the previous four weeks

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Amy is working part-time. Tavaris is on temporary layoff. Who is included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' "employed" category?


A) only Amy
B) only Tavaris
C) both Amy and Tavaris
D) neither Amy nor Tavaris

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is not a cause of the decline in the U.S. men's labor­force participation rate over the past several decades?


A) young men now stay in school longer than their fathers and grandfathers did
B) older men now retire earlier and live longer
C) with more women employed, there are fewer jobs now available to men
D) more fathers now stay at home to raise their children

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Frictional unemployment is often thought to explain relatively short spells of unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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Measuring the amount of unemployment in the economy is a straightforward task.

A) True
B) False

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Table 28-6 Table 28-6    -Refer to Table 28-6. What is the U-2 measure of labor underutilization? A)  1.5% B)  3.1% C)  4.7% D)  6.2% -Refer to Table 28-6. What is the U-2 measure of labor underutilization?


A) 1.5%
B) 3.1%
C) 4.7%
D) 6.2%

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics' U­1 measure of joblessness includes only very long­term unemployed.

A) True
B) False

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The natural rate of unemployment is closely associated with the short-run ups and downs of economic activity.

A) True
B) False

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