Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the conditions required for a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mutations must not occur.
B)   Natural selection must not occur.
C)   Random mating must not occur.
D)   Genetic drift must not occur.
E)   Assortative mating must not occur. The Hardy-Weinberg equation for equilibrium assumes that mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom mating do not occur.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

If people with freckles preferentially mated with other people with freckles, this would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   microevolution.
B)   natural selection.
C)   genetic drift.
D)   nonrandom mating.
E)   gene flow. In order for nonrandom mating to occur on freckles, individuals would have to choose mates based on the presence or absence of freckles. This is called preferential mating, and it results in a trait, such as freckles, being selected for and passed along to progeny if the trait is heritable.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above D

Question 3

All of the genes and all of their associated alleles within a population represent the population's

Accepted Answer

A)   genotype.
B)   gene flow.
C)   gene pool.
D)   genome.
E)   Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The gene pool is defined as all the alleles of all the genes within a population.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following would not result in a decrease of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection
B)   genetic drift
C)   bottleneck effect
D)   founder effect
E)   mutation Natural selection, genetic drift, and bottleneck and founder effects all decrease genetic variation, while mutation generates genetic variation.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E) E

Question 5

In the figure shown here, petal color of a flower population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the white petal color increases in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   stabilizing selection.
B)   disruptive selection.
C)   directional selection.
D)   genetic drift.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Why does malaria persist in the human population?

Accepted Answer

A)   Too few humans have died of malaria to end the disease.
B)   Multiple phenotypes survive in a balanced polymorphism.
C)   Malaria is a recessive disease and few humans contract it.
D)   Humans are protected from the malaria parasite.
E)   Malaria is under stabilizing selection. In an environment where malaria is present, the heterozygote is favored.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

A female peacock chooses a mate based on his showy plumage and courtship dance. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   random mating.
B)   assortative mating.
C)   sexual selection.
D)   gene flow.
E)   natural selection. Females choosing males based on specific traits is defined as sexual selection.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

In the figure shown here, petal color of a flower population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the white and yellow petal colors increase in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   stabilizing selection.
B)   disruptive selection.
C)   directional selection.
D)   genetic drift. Disruptive selection selects for more than one phenotype but not all phenotypes.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Today, cheetahs show extreme genetic similarity. This is evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)   past gene flow.
B)   a past bottleneck event.
C)   a history of directional selection.
D)   a history of few genetic mutations.
E)   assortative mating. A bottleneck reduces genetic variation within a population.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

In the process of natural selection, individuals that are most fit are the ones that are

Accepted Answer

A)   most likely to survive.
B)   most likely to reproduce.
C)   most likely to migrate.
D)   most likely to mutate.
E)   most likely to be physically fit. The most fit individuals are those that are most likely to produce offspring.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following individuals would be considered the fittest?

Accepted Answer

A)   the individual that has the longest canine teeth
B)   the individual that has the greatest number of breeding opportunities
C)   the individual that has the best camouflage to avoid predators
D)   the individual that controls the largest territory
E)   the individual that has the greatest number of offspring Fitness is defined as the individual that can reproduce the greatest number of offspring.F) None of the above
G) C) and D) E

Question 12

What might occur in moth populations if pollution from industry was cleaned up and the color of tree bark returned to its natural color?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dark-colored moths would continue to be the predominant phenotype.
B)   Birds would see dark-colored moths more easily than light-colored moths and prey on dark-colored moths more frequently.
C)   Dark- and light-colored moths would survive in equal numbers.
D)   Birds would prey upon dark- and light-colored moths equally.
E)   Selection would favor the hybrid offspring of dark and light moths. Since dark-colored moth populations increased as pollution increased, light-colored moth populations may increase as pollution decreases.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

What characteristic is common of both a genetic bottleneck and a founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both encounter a population crash.
B)   Both involve a portion of a population becoming isolated.
C)   Both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity.
D)   Both affect the entire population.
E)   Both are a type of natural selection. A population's genetic diversity decreases in both a founder effect and a bottleneck.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

What is the genotype of an individual that lives in protection from both sickle-cell disease and malaria?

Accepted Answer

A)   HbAHbA
B)   HbAHbS
C)   HbSHbS
D)   HbS Hbs
E)   HbA Hba HbAHbS is the genotype of a heterozygote for both normal and sickle-cell red blood cells. This individual is resistant to both sickle-cell disease and malaria.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

The conditions required by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are commonly found in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Dominance causes an allele to become more common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If the survivors of an original population survived due to specific phenotypes that they possessed, then this event is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection.
B)   genetic drift.
C)   founder effect.
D)   industrial melanism.
E)   gene flow. Selected survival is considered natural selection.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Biotic environments that influence natural selection include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   competition
B)   predation
C)   parasitism
D)   weather
E)   disease An organism's biotic environment consists of all the factors involving living organisms, such as predators, parasites, and competitors.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

If p2 = 0.04, what is the frequency of homozygous recessives in the population?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.04
B)   0.2
C)   0.32
D)   0.64
E)   0.8F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

If a population recovers to its original population size after experiencing a bottleneck, which statement is correct regarding this population?

Accepted Answer

A)   The recovered population is as likely to go extinct as is the population prior to the bottleneck.
B)   The bottleneck subjected the population to directional selection.
C)   The recovered population shows less genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck.
D)   The recovered population shows more genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck.
E)   The recovered population is more likely to go extinct as is the population prior to the bottleneck. A bottleneck decreases a population's genetic diversity.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Exam 15: Evolution on a Small Scale

Which of the following is not one of the conditions required for a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If people with freckles preferentially mated with other people with freckles, this would be an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedD

All of the genes and all of their associated alleles within a population represent the population's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would not result in a decrease of genetic variation?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

In the figure shown here, petal color of a flower population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the white petal color increases in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does malaria persist in the human population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A female peacock chooses a mate based on his showy plumage and courtship dance. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the figure shown here, petal color of a flower population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the white and yellow petal colors increase in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Today, cheetahs show extreme genetic similarity. This is evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process of natural selection, individuals that are most fit are the ones that are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals would be considered the fittest?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

What might occur in moth populations if pollution from industry was cleaned up and the color of tree bark returned to its natural color?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What characteristic is common of both a genetic bottleneck and a founder effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the genotype of an individual that lives in protection from both sickle-cell disease and malaria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The conditions required by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are commonly found in nature.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dominance causes an allele to become more common.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the survivors of an original population survived due to specific phenotypes that they possessed, then this event is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biotic environments that influence natural selection include all but which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If p2 = 0.04, what is the frequency of homozygous recessives in the population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a population recovers to its original population size after experiencing a bottleneck, which statement is correct regarding this population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
E

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
E

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If p² = 0.04, what is the frequency of homozygous recessives in the population?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified